Basic Syntax

Data Types

Integer

int (signed int), unsigned int

short (signed short int), unsigned short

long (signed long int), unsigned long

#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>

int main()
{
	printf("Int: %lu bytes\n", sizeof(int)); // 4
	printf("Min Int: %d\n", INT_MIN); // -2147483648
	printf("Max Int: %d\n", INT_MAX); // 2147483647

	printf("Unsigned Int: %lu bytes\n", sizeof(unsigned int)); // 4
	printf("Min Unsigned Int: %d\n", 0); // 0
	printf("Max Unsigned Int: %u\n", UINT_MAX); // 4294967295

	return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>

int main()
{
	printf("Int: %lu bytes\n", sizeof(int)); // 4
	printf("Short: %lu bytes\n", sizeof(short)); // 2
	printf("Long: %lu bytes\n", sizeof(long)); // 8

	printf("Min Short: %d\n", SHRT_MIN); // -32768
	printf("Max Short: %u\n", SHRT_MAX); // 32767

	printf("Min Short: %ld\n", LONG_MIN); // -9223372036854775808
	printf("Max Short: %ld\n", LONG_MAX); // 9223372036854775807

	return 0;
}

Overflow and Underflow

#include 
#include 

int main()
{
	// Overflow
	short a = SHRT_MAX + 1;
	printf("Overflow: %d\n", a); # -32768

	// Underflow
	short b = SHRT_MIN - 1;
	printf("Underflow: %d\n", b); # 32767

	return 0;
}

Char

unsigned char, char (signed char)

char type in C is integer

#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>

int main()
{
	char var = 'a';

	printf("Char: %c\n", var);

	// use char as integer
	printf("Int: %d\n", var); // 97
	printf("Int: %d\n", var+1); // 98

	// user integer as char
	char var2 = 97;
	printf("Char: %c\n", var2); // a
	printf("Char: %c\n", 97); // a

	printf("Char: %lu bytes\n", sizeof(char)); // 1
	printf("Min Char: %d\n", CHAR_MIN); // -128
	printf("Max Char: %d\n", CHAR_MAX); // 127

	return 0;
}

Float

float

double

long double

#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <float.h>

int main()
{
	printf("Float: %lu bytes\n", sizeof(float)); // 4
	printf("Min Float: %e\n", FLT_MIN);
	printf("Max Float: %e\n", FLT_MAX);

	printf("Double: %lu bytes\n", sizeof(double)); // 8
	printf("Min Double: %e\n", DBL_MIN);
	printf("Max Double: %e\n", DBL_MAX);

	printf("Long Double: %lu bytes\n", sizeof(long double)); // 16

	return 0;
}

Enum

#include <stdio.h>
  
int main() 
{ 
	enum week{Mon, Tue, Wed, Thur, Fri, Sat, Sun}; 

    	enum week day;

    	day = Wed; 

    	printf("%d\n", day); // 2

	int i;
	for(i = Mon; i <= Sun; i++)
		printf("%d\n", i); // 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    	return 0; 
}

Define Type

#include <stdio.h>

typedef float myType;

int main()
{
	myType Pi = 3.14;

	printf("Pi: %f\n", Pi);

	return 0;
}