Ubuntu software

• gnome-calculator, calculator
• gnome-control-center, system setting
• gnome-help, system tutorial
• gnome-nettool, network tools
• gnome-open, open folder
• gnome-system-log, system log
• gnome-system-monitor, system monitor
• gnome-terminal, open a terminal
• gnome-text-editor, open default text edit
• gnome-www-browser, open default web browser

File managers

• nauthilus, default file manager in Gnome
• konqueror, file manager on a KDE desktop

Key or key combination	Function
Ctrl+Alt+T	Open a new terminal
Ctrl+Shift+N	Open a new terminal at current directory
Ctrl+A	Move coursor to the beginning of the command line
Ctrl+C	End a running program
Ctrl+D	Log out current shell, equal to typing exit
Ctrl+E	Move coursor to the end of the command line
Ctrl+H	Backspace
Ctrl+L	Clear this terminal, equal to typing clear
Ctrl+R	Search command history
Ctrl+Z	Suspend a program
ArrowLeft, ArrowRight	Move cursor left or right
ArrowUp, ArrowDown	Browse history
Shift+PageUp, Shift+PageDow	Browse terminal buffer
Tab	Command or filename completion
Tab Tab	Show file or command completion possibilities

Update the code and only publish the changes, which is called "diff" or "patch"

KDE uses C++

GNOME uses C

Initialize shell

• /etc/profile
• ~/.bashrc
• ~/.profile
• source .profile, make modification works in current terminal

Set environment

• bash, export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:.
• tcsh, setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $LD_LIBRARY_PATH:.

LD_LIBRARY_PATH

• set up share library path, this is global variable, only work for current terminal
• Share Library
• add share library to /lib and usr/lib, do not modify /etc/ld.so.conf, need run ldconfig
• install lib to other directory, add configure list file to /etc/ld.so.conf.d/, then sudo ldconfig
• run ldconfig once share library has any change

Kernel modules are used to avoid reboot computer after install drivers or other functions

• insmod, install modules
• rmmod, remove modules
• lsmode, load modules

switch terminal by [Ctrl+Alt+F1], [Ctrl+Alt+F2], ..., [Ctrl+Alt+F7] back to X-windows

xdm: run x windows